Integrand size = 17, antiderivative size = 141 \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \arctan \left (1-\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \arctan \left (1+\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {6}-6^{3/4} x+3 x^2\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {6}+6^{3/4} x+3 x^2\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}} \]
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Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 141, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.353, Rules used = {1182, 1176, 631, 210, 1179, 642} \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \arctan \left (1-\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{6} x+1\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (3 x^2-6^{3/4} x+\sqrt {6}\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (3 x^2+6^{3/4} x+\sqrt {6}\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rule 1182
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{12} \left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {6}-3 x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx+\frac {1}{12} \left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {6}+3 x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \int \frac {\frac {2^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{3}}+2 x}{-\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}-\frac {2^{3/4} x}{\sqrt [4]{3}}-x^2} \, dx}{8\ 6^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \int \frac {\frac {2^{3/4}}{\sqrt [4]{3}}-2 x}{-\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}+\frac {2^{3/4} x}{\sqrt [4]{3}}-x^2} \, dx}{8\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {1}{24} \left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}-\frac {2^{3/4} x}{\sqrt [4]{3}}+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{24} \left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}+\frac {2^{3/4} x}{\sqrt [4]{3}}+x^2} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {6}-6^{3/4} x+3 x^2\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {6}+6^{3/4} x+3 x^2\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}} \\ & = -\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )}{4\ 6^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {6}-6^{3/4} x+3 x^2\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {6}+6^{3/4} x+3 x^2\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 113, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.80 \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=\frac {-2 \left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \arctan \left (1-\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )+2 \left (\sqrt {6} a+2 c\right ) \arctan \left (1+\sqrt [4]{6} x\right )-\left (\sqrt {6} a-2 c\right ) \left (\log \left (2-2 \sqrt [4]{6} x+\sqrt {6} x^2\right )-\log \left (2+2 \sqrt [4]{6} x+\sqrt {6} x^2\right )\right )}{8\ 6^{3/4}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.49 (sec) , antiderivative size = 31, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.22
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (3 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+2\right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\textit {\_R}^{2} c +a \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}\right )}{12}\) | \(31\) |
default | \(\frac {a \sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}}{3}+\frac {\sqrt {6}}{3}}{x^{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}}{3}+\frac {\sqrt {6}}{3}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{6}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{6}-1\right )\right )}{48}+\frac {c \sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}}{3}+\frac {\sqrt {6}}{3}}{x^{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}}{3}+\frac {\sqrt {6}}{3}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{6}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {3}\, 6^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{6}-1\right )\right )}{144}\) | \(188\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {54^{\frac {3}{4}} c \left (\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (1-6^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {x^{4}}}{2}\right )}{2 \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}+\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{8-3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}-\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (1+6^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {x^{4}}}{2}\right )}{2 \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}+\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{8+3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}\right )}{216}+\frac {24^{\frac {3}{4}} a \left (-\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (1-6^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {x^{4}}}{2}\right )}{2 \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{8-3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (1+6^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {x^{4}}}{2}\right )}{2 \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{8+3^{\frac {1}{4}} 8^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{\left (x^{4}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{96}\) | \(334\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 493 vs. \(2 (104) = 208\).
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 493, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.50 \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=-\frac {1}{24} \, \sqrt {-12 \, a c + \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}} \log \left (-3 \, {\left (9 \, a^{4} - 4 \, c^{4}\right )} x + {\left (9 \, a^{3} - 6 \, a c^{2} - \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}} c\right )} \sqrt {-12 \, a c + \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{24} \, \sqrt {-12 \, a c + \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}} \log \left (-3 \, {\left (9 \, a^{4} - 4 \, c^{4}\right )} x - {\left (9 \, a^{3} - 6 \, a c^{2} - \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}} c\right )} \sqrt {-12 \, a c + \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}}\right ) - \frac {1}{24} \, \sqrt {-12 \, a c - \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}} \log \left (-3 \, {\left (9 \, a^{4} - 4 \, c^{4}\right )} x + {\left (9 \, a^{3} - 6 \, a c^{2} + \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}} c\right )} \sqrt {-12 \, a c - \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{24} \, \sqrt {-12 \, a c - \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}} \log \left (-3 \, {\left (9 \, a^{4} - 4 \, c^{4}\right )} x - {\left (9 \, a^{3} - 6 \, a c^{2} + \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}} c\right )} \sqrt {-12 \, a c - \sqrt {6} \sqrt {-9 \, a^{4} + 12 \, a^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, c^{4}}}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.48 \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (55296 t^{4} + 2304 t^{2} a c + 9 a^{4} + 12 a^{2} c^{2} + 4 c^{4}, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (x + \frac {- 4608 t^{3} c + 72 t a^{3} - 144 t a c^{2}}{9 a^{4} - 4 c^{4}} \right )} \right )\right )} \]
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Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 167, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.18 \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{24} \cdot 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (\sqrt {3} a + \sqrt {2} c\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{6} \cdot 3^{\frac {3}{4}} 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {3} x + 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}}\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{24} \cdot 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (\sqrt {3} a + \sqrt {2} c\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{6} \cdot 3^{\frac {3}{4}} 2^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {3} x - 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}}\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{48} \cdot 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (\sqrt {3} a - \sqrt {2} c\right )} \log \left (\sqrt {3} x^{2} + 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}} x + \sqrt {2}\right ) - \frac {1}{48} \cdot 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (\sqrt {3} a - \sqrt {2} c\right )} \log \left (\sqrt {3} x^{2} - 3^{\frac {1}{4}} 2^{\frac {3}{4}} x + \sqrt {2}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 131, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.93 \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{24} \, {\left (6^{\frac {3}{4}} a + 2 \cdot 6^{\frac {1}{4}} c\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {3}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (2 \, x + \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{24} \, {\left (6^{\frac {3}{4}} a + 2 \cdot 6^{\frac {1}{4}} c\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {3}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (2 \, x - \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{48} \, {\left (6^{\frac {3}{4}} a - 2 \cdot 6^{\frac {1}{4}} c\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}\right ) - \frac {1}{48} \, {\left (6^{\frac {3}{4}} a - 2 \cdot 6^{\frac {1}{4}} c\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}\right ) \]
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Time = 9.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 315, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.23 \[ \int \frac {a+c x^2}{2+3 x^4} \, dx=-2\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {216\,a^2\,x\,\sqrt {-\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^2}{192}-\frac {a\,c}{48}+\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,c^2}{288}}}{9{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^3+18\,a^2\,c-6{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a\,c^2-12\,c^3}-\frac {144\,c^2\,x\,\sqrt {-\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^2}{192}-\frac {a\,c}{48}+\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,c^2}{288}}}{9{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^3+18\,a^2\,c-6{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a\,c^2-12\,c^3}\right )\,\sqrt {-\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^2}{192}-\frac {a\,c}{48}+\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,c^2}{288}}+2\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {216\,a^2\,x\,\sqrt {\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^2}{192}-\frac {a\,c}{48}-\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,c^2}{288}}}{9{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^3-18\,a^2\,c-6{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a\,c^2+12\,c^3}-\frac {144\,c^2\,x\,\sqrt {\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^2}{192}-\frac {a\,c}{48}-\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,c^2}{288}}}{9{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^3-18\,a^2\,c-6{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a\,c^2+12\,c^3}\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,a^2}{192}-\frac {a\,c}{48}-\frac {1{}\mathrm {i}\,\sqrt {6}\,c^2}{288}} \]
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